Vardzia

Vardzia was established during the reign of Queen Tamar of Georgia in the 12th century. It was built as a defensive fortress and a spiritual center. The complex was carved into the cliffs of the Erusheti Mountain along the Kura River. Vardzia was designed to serve as a place of worship, residence, and protection, primarily for monks and nuns.
The complex is comprised of a network of caves, tunnels, chambers, and halls. It is estimated that Vardzia once contained around 3,000 rooms, including living quarters, chapels, storerooms, and even a throne room for Queen Tamar.
One of the most famous features of Vardzia is the Church of the Dormition, which is a central religious structure adorned with stunning frescoes that depict scenes from the Bible and the lives of saints. The complex also includes a bell tower, a bakery, a wine cellar, and an irrigation system that brought water from nearby springs.
Today, Vardzia is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a major tourist attraction in Georgia. Visitors can explore the cave dwellings, see the impressive frescoes, and learn about the history and culture of the region while admiring breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.